What Are the Benefits of Recycling Metal

What Are the Benefits of Recycling Metal The United States recycles 150 million metric tons of scrap materials annually, including 85 million tons of iron and steel, 5.5 million tons of aluminum, 1.8 million tons of copper, 2 million tons of stainless steel, 1.2 million tons of lead and 420,000 tons of zinc, according to the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI). Other metals such as chrome, brass, bronze, magnesium, and tin are recycled as well. What Are the Benefits of Recycling All That Metal? By definition, mining metal ores and refining them into usable metals is unsustainable; the amount of metals present on earth is fixed when considering (at least when considering any useful geological time scale). However, metals are easily recycled and reused, providing renewed opportunities for their use without having to mine and refine more of it. Thus, issues associated with mining like can be avoided, like  acid mine drainage.  By recycling, we reduce the need to manage extensive and potential dangerous piles of mine tailings.   U.S. Exports Recycled Metal In 2008, the scrap recycling industry generated $86 billion and supported 85,000 jobs. The recycled materials that the industry processes into raw material feedstock every year are used for industrial manufacturing around the world. For example, 25% of the steel used in production car panels (doors, hood, etc.) is obtained from recycled materials. For copper, used in the home building industry for electric wires and plumbing pipes, that proportion surpasses 50%. Each year, the United States exports staggering amounts of scrap metals - called scrap commodities  -  contributing significantly to U.S. trade balances. For example, in 2012 the U.S. exported $3 billion worth of aluminum, $4 billion of copper, and $7.5 billion of iron and steel. Metal Recycling Saves Energy and Natural Resources Recycling scrap metal reduces the substantial amounts of  greenhouse gas emissions  produced during the various smelting and processing operations used when making metal from virgin ore. At the same time, the amount of energy used is also much smaller. Energy  savings using various recycled metals compared to virgin ore is up to: 92 percent for aluminum 90 percent for copper 56 percent for steel These savings are significant, especially when scaled up to large production capacities. Indeed, according to the U.S.Geological Survey, 60% of steel production comes directly from recycled iron and steel scrap. For copper, the proportion coming from recycled materials reaches 50%. Recycled copper is almost as valuable as new copper, making it a common target for scrap metal thieves. Metal recycling also conserves natural resources. Recycling one ton of steel conserves 2,500 pounds of iron ore, 1,400 pounds of coal and 120 pounds of limestone. Water is also used in great quantities in the manufacturing of many metals. According to an industry source, through recycling steel the amount of energy conserved would be enough to power 18 million homes for an entire year.  Recycling a ton of aluminum conserves up to 8 tons of bauxite ore and 14-megawatt hours of electricity.That figure does not even account for shipping the bauxite from where it is mined, generally in South America.  The total amount of energy saved in 2012 by making aluminum from recycled material added up to 76 million megawatt hours of electricity.​ Edited by Frederic Beaudry.

Understanding Convectional Rainfall

Understanding Convectional Rainfall Convectional rainfall occurs when the energy of the sun (or insolation) heats the earth’s surface and causes water to evaporate changing to water vapor. This warm, moist air then rises, and as it rises, it cools. The air reaches a point called the condensation level where it has cooled to such an extent that the water vapor condenses and turns back to a liquid form. This process of condensation high in the atmosphere leads to the development of clouds. As the clouds continue to grow the weight of the water droplets can eventually lead to precipitation. (You can see the cycle in this diagram.) Convectional Storms Convectional storms occur in many areas of the world. They are at their most severe in parts of the tropics where there is a water source and intense heating. They are also common in warm mountain areas like the European Alps in the summer. This photograph shows the towering cloud developed by strong rising air currents. This convectional storm occurred near Sydney in 2002. There was heavy rain and hail. Hailstones develop when ice particles form in the cloud. The currents of air move the particles up and down in the cloud and as this happens additional layers of ice form around the nucleus. Eventually, the hailstones become  too heavy to be kept up, and they fall to the ground. This website has some useful photographs and video clips. Convectional storms  affect people’s lives in many ways. They can present various hazards to aircraft including turbulence and freezing at high altitudes. The following is based on an extreme weather summary for south Kansas in the USA. Source: Kansas 2006 crh.noaa.gov/ict/newsletter/Spring2006.php The convective storm started when hail 5 to 10 cms diameter hit a number of rural counties. Between 6:00 and 7:00 pm, one of the super-cellular severe storms in Reno County unleashed its power and caused disastrous and tragic results. The storm produced 80-100 mph winds on its southern end which raked south and southeast Reno County. This storm then took aim at Cheney Lake and State Park. The damage at the state park was major, and included the marina, around 125 boats, 35 campers, and an unspecified number of mobile homes. One mobile home was leveled. Total damage estimated around 12.5 million dollars. Six people were injured, all of whom required transport to Wichita hospitals. One man was killed when his fishing boat was overturned. On June 30th, Southeast Kansas was hit by destructive winds and hail that reached the size of baseballs. The baseball-sized hail hit parts of Woodson County around 7:35 pm, causing around $415,000 damage to crops. As the evening progressed, the severe thunderstorms, continued to unleash 80-100 mph winds. Hardest hit was Neosho County. In Chanute, large trees were uprooted with many falling onto homes and businesses. Other homes and businesses were completely unroofed. Numerous barns and sheds were destroyed. The towns of Erie and St. Paul experienced nearly identical fates. In Erie, one home was destroyed. In St. Paul, a church steeple was completely removed. Obviously, many power lines and power poles were blown down, severing power to all three towns. This round of atmospheric mayhem was responsible for $2.873 million damage to crops and property. Another product of severe convection that drew considerable attention in 2005 was the flash flood. The first major event occurred June 8th and 9th from around 8:00 pm the evening of the 8th to the early afternoon of the 9th. Hardest hit were Butler, Harvey and Sedgwick counties. In Butler County, two families required rescues from their homes 4 miles north of Whitewater. Numerous streets were barricaded in and around El Dorado, and creeks overflowed. The most notable occurred 2 miles northeast of Elbing, where Henry Creek overflowed, closing 150th Street as well as the 150th Street Bridge. In Harvey County, widespread 12-15 inch rainfalls in approximately 10 hours resulted in evacuations in Newton, where most streets were barricaded. Perhaps the worst flooding in this event occurred in Sedgwick, where an estimated 147,515 acres of farmland were inundated totaling an estimated $1.5 million damage. In Sedgwick County, 19 homes were flooded, of which 12 were mobile homes which are particularly susceptible to storm damages. These homes were completely surrounded by flooding; which isolated their occupants from the outside world. In Mt. Hope, people required rescue from their homes. Many streets and highways were barricaded, especially across Northern Sedgwick County, where flash floods reached 6 foot depths. The flooding inundated around 75,000 acres of farmland. Total property damage was estimated at $150,000.    ACTIVITIES Study the article above. Summarize the impacts of the convectional storms in Kansas in a list.Produce an article on the Sydney hail storm in 1999. This could be done in Microsoft Word, Publisher, or PowerPoint.You can also download this lesson in PDF format here.

Determination of Proteins Using Biuret and Lowry Assay Techniques Essay

Determination of Proteins Using Biuret and Lowry Assay Techniques - Essay Example Protein assay is critical in the analysis of agricultural, industrial and biotechnological products. As argued by Bama et al. (2010), it is also important for research especially in analysis of enzymes, lectins and antibodies. This paper covers two kinds of assays used in quantitating total proteins. These includes the biuret and lowry techniques. Biuret assay, which is the least sensitive assay is among the coulometric methods (Quereshi et al. 2010). It is mostly used due to its simplicity and less susceptibility to chemical interference. The assay is dependent on polypeptide chelation of cupric iron in strong alkali. According to Mizuta et al. (2005), most biuret assays are used in samples containing 1 to 10mg protein/ml, which is then diluted five-fold by other reagents to form deep purple color. On the other hand, the Lowry method is a colorimetric assay that is based on folin-ciocalteau reagent and cupric ions of phenolic groups (Muyonga, Cole & Duodu, 2004). It is a popular pro tein estimation procedure even though highly susceptible to discerning compounds that interfere and distort solubility of insoluble proteins. The assay starts with copper ion complex that has peptide bonds, which are stabilized by tartrate in alkaline environment popular known as biuret chromophore. Gornall, Bardawill and David (1949) pointed out that biuret reaction is reduced under alkaline conditions of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Copper ions are used to enhance the reduction process. However, the principle chromogenic groups consist of the peptide linkages that reduced blue molybdotungstates, which catalyses polar amino acids, tyrosine and tryptophan. Nonetheless, the sensitivity of this test is based on protein composition and products of chemicals reaction resulting to the heteropolymolybdenum blue solution after being in absorbance condition of approximately 750nm, a wavelength that is out of range of many interfering colors (Layne, 1957). In these two experiments, the basic law of light absorption, popularly knows as Beer-Lambert law is used to explain the linear relationship between protein (collagen) concentration and absorbance (Cliche, Amiot & Avezard, 2003). The yield of collagen is calculated using the following lines equation: Y=(VxC)/ W Where; Yis the yield of collagen in mg/g Vis the volume of collagen solution in ml C is the concentration of the derived solution in mg/ml Wis the lyophilized weight in g Materials used: 1. Protein sample of unknown concentration 2. Standard BSA 3. Distilled water 4. Lowry reagent 5. Test tubes 6. Label 7. Test tube rack 8. Pipettes 9. Pipette bulb 10. Vortex mixer 11. Spectrophotometer 12. Cuvettes 13. Gelatin : 100Â µg cm-3 14. Globulin: 100Â µg cm-3 15. albumin: 200Â µg cm-3 Methods Lowry Technique: Procedure: 1. Prepare samples with up to 100 ?g of protein 2. Label the 9 test tubes as (1 to 10) and place them in a test tube rack. 3. Add water as provided in the instructions. 4. Prepare diluted Folin-Ciocalte u reagent and the Assay Mix. 5. Add 0.5cm3 of the protein solution to tubes (2 to 10). 6. Add gelatin solution to tube 7 and 8 only. 7. Then add 2.5cm3 of solution D to each tube and mix well and leave the mixture at room temperature for approximately 10 minutes.

Promotional Mixes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Promotional Mixes - Essay Example Being a new product, it will target an audience which will be the small and medium enterprises especially those managed by either women groups or the youths. The advertisement will all be about the potential of both the youth and women and will encourage them to open different accounts with the bank. The opening of accounts will be free of charge thus the bank will be emphasizing on offering clients with great services at no cost. One of the best options for the target market will be the opening of group accounts which will offer the benefit of no operating charges. If groups save a specified amount, groups can ask for loans depending on their savings. The loans come with low interest rates and payable depending on the amount to be borrowed and methods of payment will be better than that of normal loans (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2011). The other method will be personal selling in that the bank representative resort to heading to where the small and medium enterprises are located to try and persuade the audience on the new product. This will involve calling meetings to be chaired by bank agents and try to face the group members in person thus Appling the push strategy thus creating consumer demand for the new product (Banasiewicz, 2009). Also the bank will apply the use of publicity involving the association with the general public regarding the use and benefits of the new banking product. This will be in form of press releases or press conferences, event sponsorship in that the bank may sponsor youth events such as soccer tournaments thus getting the opportunity to capture the attention of the general public .The other mix will be public relation involving the interaction between the bank and the business environment. This will enable the bank to get immediate feedback to questions and inquiries as far as the new product will be concerned. The bank will treat customer responses with utmost seriousness because they reflect

Essay over the electoral college Essay Example for Free

Essay over the electoral college Essay In the United States today, we use the Electoral College to decide who is going to be the next president. The presidency is not necessarily won by popular vote. The founding fathers opted for the Electoral College, because they were afraid of the masses. They wanted the president to be chosen by those who are qualified, well informed, and have the ability to chose a president more efficiently then the so called mob. Although I believe the Electoral College needs many changes, it is necessary in order to have a successful government that is fair. Thee main argument against the Electoral College is that the presidency should be won by popular vote alone. It shouldnt be that one candidate could win the popular vote, but lose the election. At first I completely agreed with this, because we do live in a democracy, and I believe that a democracy is a government for the people by the people. This would mean that the mass population decides who is the president, not a hand picked group of men to vote on who they wish, because they do not always have to vote on the candidate in which the state has voted the majority on. Although the Electoral College may take away the presidency from the candidate that won the majority vote, it evens things out across the nation. The Electoral College is necessary to make every state important in the voting process. If you did not have the Electoral College, those who were running for office would only campaign in the major states, that way they could get the majority of the population. For example the candidate would advertise and campaign in New York, especially New York City, because there is such a vast amount of people who live there, so he would try to assure that he had the votes for this city, and majority of the state, and would not have to worry about Montana. They candidate would then not go to smaller less populated states like Montana, South or North Dakota. He would not worry about the states or cities that had little populations, because are all he needs to worry about is that the majority of the people in the United States vote for him. It would be much easier to win an election by getting more people in more populated cities to vote, and not worrying about the little populations. This in fact takes away from the idea of a democracy, because it conveys the message that the only thing a presidential candidate  needs to worry about is getting the majority of the votes, and this does not have to be all over the nation, because there are parts of the nation that the population well exceeds other parts. The founding fathers developed the electoral college because they were afraid of what the government would be like if the masses were allowed to determine who they wanted in office. They were aware that it would turn into a popularity thing, and that is not what was needed in order to run a government efficiently. Although the population must have a say in the government, there has to be some form of control, and that was the basis of the Electoral College. I think that in order for the Electoral College to be successful, and to function properly, there has to be some major changes to it. The biggest change needs to be the fact that the electors themselves need to be abolished. I think that it should be set up to where the popular vote in the state decides whom the electoral votes from the state go. The majority of the time this is what happens, but it does not have to. If an elector wanted to vote for someone other then that the state allotted popular vote to, they very well could. I do not think that it should be allowed, because by doing that it takes the democracy out of the government, because it is never a certain thing that the populace wish will be carried out. If you want to go even farther you could break it down into districts with in the state. Each district gets one Electoral College vote, and the vote goes to the candidate in which has the majority of that district. The Electoral College is definitely needed in this country in order for the election process to be fair to all states and thus to all constituents. Although winning by popular votes sounds like the way to go in a democracy, it is not. If that were the case then there would be no equality among states, and the fact that everybody matters in a democracy would not be. There would be very little concentration on other small or less populated states, because you could win the election without them.

Intellectual Property (IP) Law and the Media and DBC Television’s Issue

Intellectual property law refers to the rules that protect copyrights, property patents, and trademarks, and through which the property owners exercise the rights they have over the intangible assets they develop. These intangible assets include symbols, artistic, literary works, and musical works, phrases, words, inventions and discoveries (Dutfield & Suthersanen 2007, p. 267). The most commonly recognized intellectual property rights include trademarks, industrial design rights, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights. For this paper, the most applicable property law is the copyrights (Seville 2009, p. 4). The controversial issue to be addressed in the paper revolves around Media Ltd, one of the most recognized TV production companies in the United Kingdom, and DBC television, which broadcasts the Zoo, one of the children animated TV series. The Media Ltd licenses the copyright to a third party to make Lawrence Lion books, dolls, and children clothing. Lawrence Lion is a popular character in the Zoo. The Zoo items are complicated and are extremely expensive to make. A single worker, working for averagely ten hours a day, can only make 30 dolls. The items are meant for collectors and none is supposed to be purchased for children. Carl’s family, one of the Zoo fans, lends Sheila some of their collections. The collection is supposed to form part of the entertainment for Sheila’s little daughter. Unfortunately, David, Sheila’s husband, secretly reproduces several copies at a friend’s video production place and begins to sell them. Juan, who also happens to have seen the Lawrence video, starts producing similar dolls in Spain. Some of her dolls are again imported back to the UK by Import Ltd. This paper will outline the legal issu... ...M, & Bentley, L 2010, Privilege and property: essays on the history of copyright, Open Book Publishers, Cambridge. Dutfield, G, & Suthersanen, U 2007, Global intellectual property law: commentary and materials, Elgar, Cheltenham. Ghidini, G 2010, Innovation, competition and consumer welfare in intellectual property law, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Macmillan, F 2005, New directions in copyright law, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. MacQueen, HL, Wealde, C, & Laurie, GT 2007, Contemporary intellectual property: law and policy, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Seville, C 2009, EU intellectual property law and policy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Singleton, MA 2005, The art of gigging: the essential guide to starting up as a performing artist, Trafford Publishing, Victoria, BC. Torremans, P 2007, Copyright law: a handbook of contemporary research, Elgar, Cheltenham. Intellectual Property (IP) Law and the Media and DBC Television’s Issue Intellectual property law refers to the rules that protect copyrights, property patents, and trademarks, and through which the property owners exercise the rights they have over the intangible assets they develop. These intangible assets include symbols, artistic, literary works, and musical works, phrases, words, inventions and discoveries (Dutfield & Suthersanen 2007, p. 267). The most commonly recognized intellectual property rights include trademarks, industrial design rights, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights. For this paper, the most applicable property law is the copyrights (Seville 2009, p. 4). The controversial issue to be addressed in the paper revolves around Media Ltd, one of the most recognized TV production companies in the United Kingdom, and DBC television, which broadcasts the Zoo, one of the children animated TV series. The Media Ltd licenses the copyright to a third party to make Lawrence Lion books, dolls, and children clothing. Lawrence Lion is a popular character in the Zoo. The Zoo items are complicated and are extremely expensive to make. A single worker, working for averagely ten hours a day, can only make 30 dolls. The items are meant for collectors and none is supposed to be purchased for children. Carl’s family, one of the Zoo fans, lends Sheila some of their collections. The collection is supposed to form part of the entertainment for Sheila’s little daughter. Unfortunately, David, Sheila’s husband, secretly reproduces several copies at a friend’s video production place and begins to sell them. Juan, who also happens to have seen the Lawrence video, starts producing similar dolls in Spain. Some of her dolls are again imported back to the UK by Import Ltd. This paper will outline the legal issu... ...M, & Bentley, L 2010, Privilege and property: essays on the history of copyright, Open Book Publishers, Cambridge. Dutfield, G, & Suthersanen, U 2007, Global intellectual property law: commentary and materials, Elgar, Cheltenham. Ghidini, G 2010, Innovation, competition and consumer welfare in intellectual property law, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Macmillan, F 2005, New directions in copyright law, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. MacQueen, HL, Wealde, C, & Laurie, GT 2007, Contemporary intellectual property: law and policy, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Seville, C 2009, EU intellectual property law and policy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Singleton, MA 2005, The art of gigging: the essential guide to starting up as a performing artist, Trafford Publishing, Victoria, BC. Torremans, P 2007, Copyright law: a handbook of contemporary research, Elgar, Cheltenham.

Leadership Style and Its Impact on Employees

FACULITY OF GRADUATE STUDIES MBA PROGRAM THE BANK MANAGERS' LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES' JOB SATISFACTION IN THE SOUTH OF WEST BANK BY AFNAN MOHAMMAD AMER ADVISOR DR. SHARIF ABUKARSH This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA), College of Graduate Studies, Hebron University. 2009 1 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my appreciation to those who provided valuable advice and assistance during preparation of this thesis My appreciation to my Advisor Dr. Sharif Abukarsh for his guidance and support. And my appreciation to all the Bank anagers who allowed me to conduct the research in their branches My appreciation to every one helped me to make this piece of work completed.3 DECLARATION No portion of the work referred in this study has application qualification for to been submitted another this or as degree any or other university or institute of learning. 4 an DEDICATION This piece of w ork is dedicated to all my family members, especially to the great father I have, to my precious mother, my best friend Akram, and my lovely kids; zaid, Sanad, Manar and mohammad, for their patience and supporting. To them and to everyone who participated, helped, and encouraged me o complete this work, I dedicate this thesis 5ABSTRACT THE BANK MANAGERS' LEADERSHIP STYLE AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES' JOB SATISFACTION IN THE SOUTH OF WEST BANK Job satisfaction is one of the most important human resource-related outcomes, Further; organizations that have more satisfied employees are likely to be more productive and profitable. Among determinants of job satisfaction, leadership is viewed as an important predictor and plays a central role. This study recognizes the types of the existing Bank managers' leadership style in southern part of West Bank and its impact on employees' job satisfaction from the view oint of its employees. All the employees of (20) Bank branches in the southern par t of West Bank which are (390) employees, were the target population of the research. The researcher developed one questionnaire used as a primary source consists of of three collecting main data, parts: the this first questionnaire part contained questions about the employees demographic variables, the second part is about the indicators of the current leadership styles of the Bank managers in the southern part of West Bank and the third part is a bout the job satisfaction of the Bank employees. One hundred distributed employees in to twenty a the three tratified Banks of questionnaires systematic southern 6 part have sample of of West been the Bank. Eighty nine questionnaires were returned which make the respondents rate (72. 4%). The results of the research highlighted a strong positive relationship between democratic leadership style and employees' job satisfaction, a slightly weak positive relationship employees' between job autocratic satisfaction and leadership a strong style and negative relationship between the laissez fair leadership style and employees' job satisfaction.7 CHAPTER ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1. 1 Introduction Job human satisfaction is resource-related ften-studied topic the one outcomes, in of the and most important perhaps management and the most industrial psychology. Further, organizations that have more satisfied employees are likely to be more productive and profitable. Job satisfaction, characteristics likely such result as customer low together and in with environmental other turnover satisfaction, other characteristics, organizationally reduced positive valued absenteeism and organizational job satisfaction, job will outcomes productivity, effectiveness. (kim 2004) Among determinants of leadership is viewed as an important predictor and plays a central role. Leadership is management function, which is mostly directed towards people and social interaction, as well as the process of influencing people so that they will a chieve the goals of the organization (Rad and Yarmohammadian, 2004).By using appropriate leadership styles, managers can affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and productivity. Leadership style can be viewed as a series of managerial attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and skills based on individual and organizational values, leadership interests 8 and reliability of employees in different situations (Mosadeghrad, 2003). And because of the historical development of the Banking ector in Palestine which was, initially, marked by weakness and deformity in its structure and activities due to the political circumstances that Palestine went through. Apparently, there was an immense need for building a strong Banking system able to meet the economical and financial requirements of Palestine. And this strong Banking system mainly depends on the human force that like any business must be satisfied previously in mentioned, the work employee's place. job And as it was satisfaction is affected mostly by the managers' leadership style. (Parker, 2003) 1. 2 The Paradigm of the Study Independent variables Dependent variableManagers' Leadership style Job satisfaction Autocratic style Democratic style Laissez-fair style Employees' demographic variables †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Sex Academic qualification Salary Hierarchy level Moderator variables 9 F igure 1. 1: Conceptual framework There is one independent variable: managers' leadership style, which will affect the dependent variable: employees' job satisfaction. There are three leadership style indicators (autocratic, democratic, laissez fair), In addition, there are four moderator variables: employees' sex, their academic qualification, salary, and hierarchy level, that will affect the strength of the relation etween the dependent and independent variables. (Kenny, 1986) 1. 6 Objectives of the Study This study aims to accomplish the following objectives: 1. To explore the leadership styles of Bank mangers in s outhern part of West Bank. 2. To identify the best style achieving of high level job satisfaction that to be recommended and followed. 3. To explore the impact of sex, academic qualification, salary, hierarchy level, in determining the job satisfaction of the south West Bank employees. 4. To explore the level of job satisfaction of employees in south West Bank Banks. 1.3 Statement of the Problem Most of the time the success or failure f any business in general and Banking in particular is determined by the efforts and by the hard work done by its human workforce. And since one of the important factors influencing the employees activities and job satisfaction is the leadership style of their managers, a study of the 10 leadership style of the Bank managers and its relation with the employees satisfaction is essential for these managers to identify their styles and its impact on their employees performance, which will directly affect the Banking performance, with all its implications on the Palestinian economy. In order to accomplish the main objective of this study, nswers to the following specific sub-problems are sought: 1. What are the primary leadership styles of the Bank managers from the view point of its employees in southern part of West Bank? 2. What are the most remarkable characteristics of these styles from the view point of the employees? 3. What is the employees' job satisfaction level in southern part of West Bank? 4. What are the most remarkable characteristics of the employees' job satisfaction in southern part of West Bank?5. Is there a clear relationship between Bank managers' leadership style and the employees' job satisfaction in southern part of West Bank? . Is there a particular sub items in managers' leadership style or styles that result in the highest job satisfaction for the employees in southern part of West Bank? 1. 4 Null Hypothesis Based on the problem statement mentioned above, the research hypotheses for this study are as follow s: 11 1. There is no significant relationship between the leadership style of the Bank managers and the job satisfaction of its employees in southern part of West Bank. 2. There is no significant difference in the level of job satisfaction demographic of Bank employees variables (sex, in relation academic to the qualification, alary, hierarchy level). 1. 5 Significance of the Study Job satisfaction is an essential aspect of the human resource- related outcomes. And because of its significance in an organization, job satisfaction is perhaps the most often-studied topic in management and in industrial psychology (Kim 2004). And since job satisfaction is highly affected by managers' leadership style.The significance of this study is underlined as this study is the first in Palestine according to the knowledge of the researcher done in the Banking sector The importance development of of this Banking study sector, lies and in its studying mpact on the factors that may improve or hinder e mployees' job satisfaction. On the customers level, the more employees satisfaction, means the insurance of a better service, from one hand, and on the other hand , the well being of the Banking employees will have its clear effect on the Banking sector success,12 which the customer will directly feel; as a success in major economy key player. The results of this research will highlight the effect of management style on the job satisfaction, which will be an additional contribution to the national literature that will help in a better planning for future developmental lans of the Banking sector in Palestine. 1. 7 Scope and Limitation of the Study The time scope: the time of the research from January, 2008 to March, 2009. The place scope: The research will be composed of all the Palestinian Banks in the southern part of West Bank (Hebron, Bethlehem, Betjalah). Human scope: all the employees of the Palestinian Banks in the southern part of West Bank will be the population of the resea rch. Limitations of the study: 1. Some of the subordinates did not have time to fill the questionnaire in due time, and because of that it took the researcher more than planned to collect the data. 2.Some of the branch managers were reluctant or refused to cooperate, due to the contradiction of the excepted results of the study with their interests. 13 Banks framework table 1. 1 The working Banks in Palestine according to Palestinian Monetary Authority. Bank number Bank name 1 Arabic Bank 2 Cairo Amman Bank 3 Alquds Bank for Development and Investment 4 Palestine Islamic Bank 5 Arab Islamic Bank 6 Palestine Investment Bank 7 Bank of Jordan 8 The Housing Bank for Trade and Finance 9 Jordan Ahli Bank 10 Egyptian Arab land Bank 11 Bank of Palestine PLC 12 Al Rafah Microfinance Bank 13 Commercial Bank of Palestine 4 Palestine International Bank 15 Al-Aqsa Islamic Bank16 Arab Palestinian Investment Bank 17 Jordan Commercial Bank 18 Jordan-Kuwait Bank 14 Bank number Bank name 19 Union Ban k for Savings 20 HSBC Bank Middle East Limited 21 Principal Bank of Development and Agricultural Source(Palestinian Monetary Authority web site (http://www. pmapalestine. org) 15 1. 8 Definition of Terms Bank: a commercial institution that keeps money in accounts for individuals or organizations, makes loans, exchanges currencies, provides credit to businesses, and offers other financial services. (Macesich, 2000) Bank manager: manager of branch office of a Bank. (Macesich, 2000, p. 80) Leadership: ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen (Kouzes and Posner 2007) Autocratic leadership style: A leadership style where the leader solves the himself/herself problem using the or makes information the decision available at by the time.(Richard and Robert, 2009) Democratic leadership characterized by group style: a style participation in of leadership decision-making where the leader shares the problem with the relevant team members as a group. (Parker, 2003) Laissez fair leadership style: It s one in which the manager provides little or no direction and gives employees as much freedom as possible. All authority or power is given to the employees and they must determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own. (Richard and Robert, 2009) Job satisfaction: and an attitude (Cranny, 2002) 16 towards one’s job First line supervision manager: of a An middle individual manager who and is works under the responsible for managing the daily activities of a group of workers (Abas, 2003) Southern Part of West Bank: Bethlehem, Betjala and Hebron 17 CHAPTER Two REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ANDSTUDIES This chapter international studies includes about literature, the topic of local the and research, which is collected by reviewing different books and studies from different university libraries. The chapter has two parts; the first is about literature of leadership style and job satisfaction, whereas the second is about international and local studies related to the topic of the research. 2. 1 Literature Review of the Leadership Style In this part, the literature and theoretical framework about the leadership style is provided. 2. 1. 1 Leadership Concept In a competitive and quickly changing business nvironment, the effective leadership becomes one of the most critical needs and requirements (Pierce and Newstrom, 1995). Leaders need to hold visions, values, assumptions and paradigms that are oriented, empowered in agreement workforce successful. (Kotter, 1990) 18 in with having order to a team- be most Many researchers have defined leadership (Specrtum, 1999) defined leadership as the ability to influence others to achieve a specific goals and objects. Another definition influencing a of leadership is of persons achieve group to the process the of required goals of an organization. (Shachleton, 1995) There are some asic elements shape the concept of leadership, which are: 1. The ex istence of a group of people working in a certain organization. 2. The existence of a leader from the group who got the ability to influence their actions. 3. The existence of a specific object to obtain. (Kan'an, 2002) The ends of leadership involve getting results through others and the means of leadership involve the ability to build goal-oriented teams. (Richard and Robert, 2009) Finally the researcher defines the leadership as the ability to influence a group of people or a community to achieve specific goals. 2. 1. 2. Sources of Leadership Strength Where does the leader's power come from?Do leaders have it? Or do followers give it them? As we shall see the answer may be both†. (Richard and Robert, 2009, p. 138) 19 The sources of leadership that gives the power and authority to a leader are 🙠 Parker, 2003) †¢ Expert power: Is the power of knowledge, some people are able to influence others through their relative expertise in particular area. †¢ Referent power: refers to the potential influence one has due to the strength of the relationship between the leader and the follower. †¢ Legitimate power: is based on the official authority that a person got in the organizational structure Reward power: involves the potential to influence others due to one's control over desired resources like the power to give raises or promotions. †¢ Coercive power: the opposite or reward power, is based on expectations of punishment for not doing the expected duties and work. 2. 1. 3 Types of Leadership Leadership style is an approach of giving direction, motivating people and implementing plans. As there are many leaders, there are different leadership styles. A good leader uses the right leadership style according to the situation.There are three types of leadership styles that vary in terms of decision making (Nathant, 2007) . Autocratic style 20 2. Democratic style 3. Laissez-fair style 1. Autocratic Leadership The autocratic style is chara cterized by maximum control by the leader on the group members (Bernhard & Walsh, 1990) This leadership style is based on the notion that enlisting people in decision making processes encumbers the efficient running of a business. (Zowelif, 1996) Autocratic leadership goes beyond decision making; it involves attempts to dominate or force values and opinions on followers. The predominant use of economic values should relate to autocratic leadership. Because they are supported in their decisions by the strong logic of efficiency’ these executives have confidence in their own decisions and feel less need to involve subordinates in the decision-making process. Subordinates may perceive these leaders as dominating and likely to force their values and opinions on others, tell others what to do, and make decisions in an overbearing way (Nathant, 2007). Autocratic leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision-making or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group. (Berson and Linton, 2005) This leadership style surly has some major drawbacks, which are: 21 1.Increased workload for the manager: By taking on as much responsibility and involvement as possible, an autocratic leader naturally works at their full capacity, which can lead to long term stress and health problems and could damage working relationships with colleagues. 2. People dislike being ordered around, they also dislike being shown very little trust and faith. 3. Teams become dependent upon their leader: After becoming conditioned to receive orders and act upon them perfectly, workers lose initiative and the confidence to make decisions on their own. This results in teams of workers who become useless at running operations if hey loose contact with their leader. (Rad, 2004) In summary, an autocratic leader retains full authority, responsibility, and is concerned primarily with task and goal accomplishment and he/she uses one way communicati on pattern with the group. A leader using this style displays little trust and confidence in employees who generally fear their leader. 2. Democratic Leadership Democratic promotes the Leadership sharing of is the leadership responsibility, the style that exercise of delegation and continual consultation. The democratic leader acts as a part of the team, he/she receives the employees thought and suggestions with respect

Music

List the three different types of families that are emerging in the new millennium. Answer: The types of families emerging in the new millennium consist of law marriages, single mothers and fathers, blended families, same-sex parents, and grandparents fulfilling the role of parents to their grandchildren. 2. What are the four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event on partner dies? Answer: The four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event one partner dies are to prepare a will, own property Jointly, create a power of attorney, and prepare a deiced living will. . What are two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate? Answer: Two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate are that some are Just dissatisfied with the marriage, or spousal abuse. 4. What are some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couples don't? Answer: Some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couple s don't are that they are legally recognized being married by the government. 5. How many states allow same sex marriages? Answer: As of 2014, there are 17 tastes with legal same-sex marriage.Critical Thinking Questions 1. A big debate is raging in both the religious and political arenas regarding same sex marriages. Do you think that If people choose to be committed together, they are entitled to be recognized as a married couple? Why or why not? Answer: Yes. If people choose to be committed together, they should be entitled to be recognized as a married couple regardless If It's a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Homosexual couples are no different than heterosexual couples and, therefore, would have the right to marry and be legally considered a married couple. . Why do you think preventing spousal abuse and domestic abuse should be a concern of the government? Do you think It should? Answer: Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because It I s their responsibility to provide protection from such things. 3. Do you think cohabitation couples should be entitled to the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license? Answer: Yes, cohabitation couples should be entitled the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license. . Leona Helmsmen left her millions to her 9 year old dog.She was legally sane at the time-and ran her businesses and corporations until the day she died. Do you think she had the legal right to do what she wanted with her money, or was the Judge In the case within his rights to change Loan's will? Answer: No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all her money to her dog. The Judge was wealth his rights to change Loan's will. 5. Explain the Importance of a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement In the case of a cohabitation couple who re killed In an auto accident.Answer: It Is Important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship ag reement In the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed In an auto accident In order to keep the state from stepping In. Music By denationalizations marriages. Do you think that if people choose to be committed together, they are a married couple regardless if it's a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Government? Do you think it should? Answer: Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because it is their responsibility to provide protection n the case within his rights to change Loan's will?Answer: No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all her money to her dog. The Judge was within his rights to change Loan's will. 5. Explain the importance off will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in an auto accident. Answer: It is important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in a n auto accident in order to keep the state from stepping in. Music Do you have a favorite song? Do you remember what you were doing when you last listened to the song? The common known function of music is that it can change people's mood, an upbeat song gets people going, a sad song makes people cry , however music can do a lot more than that to our brains and bodies. Actually, listening to music can stimulate your brain, which make people recall memories from long time ago and even change people's body temperature. Also, music can enhance people's athletic performance. Brain- MemoryMost often, when people listen to songs he/she is familiar with, it stimulates the hippocampus, the brain part that stores the long-term memory. This can easily explain why people can remember what they are doing when listening to his/her favorite music. For example, my brother always forgets to bring his goggles to his swimming practice. The next time before he goes for practice, he can play the same music he was listening to when he was packing. Some emotions and feel ings are deeply embedded in people's memory when they are listening to a particular song.Musical training has even better effect than Just listening to music. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training at all. Physically – Body temperature Listening to music can also affects one's body temperature. Simply imagine a creaking screen door, or fingernails scratching on a chalkboard, and how those noises give you Goosebumps or makes you shiver. All kinds of sounds and music can influence our body temperature by affecting blood circulation, pulse rate, breaths, nd even sweating.When I was small, I used to listen to lullaby, they help me to fall asleep. In order to fall asleep, the body must lowers its temperature, so slow and soft music can lowers the body temperature while Loud music like rock and roll, with strong beats and rhythm can make our body temperature rise a few degrees Physical ly- Enhance athletic performance A lot of people wonder why athletes always wear their ‘pods and headphones before their games start. Many studies from showed that music have a simulative effect on the brain and body of athletes.This can easily explain why music doesn't only make working out more pleasant, it also enhances our athletic performance. When listening to music, people are able to hold heavy weights for longer than when they're standing in silence. They can also complete sprints in shorter time and are even able to reduce their oxygen uptake. So how can this be happening? It is all about distraction, when listening to music, people are more likely to torget now much your legs hurt or how much longer you've got to run before you cross the finish line.Also, the synchronicity involved is very important. When your movement is matched with the steady musical pulse, you spend less time and effort on the inefficient slowing down and speeding up that happens when you're go ing by your own rhythm. For others, the role of music is to block out any negative thoughts so that athletes can focus only on the race or match. Why are you interested in the topic? What's your favorite music? What kind of music do you usually listen to? When you want to feel calm? Always have a story Makes me focus more when studying and motivated to do things Music Music itself is an amazing expression of the feelings of the one performing or can help others get through hard times with the musical mixture that creates a song. It's a true talent when beats become rhythmic patterns and a voice levels them out into beautiful tunes. The definition of music is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. We have many different genres of music in the American history and they have been sung all over the fifty states. I am going to mention just a few of them and discuss the history, origin, and make up of a few concert halls and opera houses. Boston Symphony Concert HallThe Boston Symphony Orchestra gave its first show on October 22, 1881, under the course of Georg Henschel, who remained the director until 1884. For almost twenty years, BSO indicates were held in the old Boston Music Hall; Symphony Hall, one of the world's most worshipped show lobbies, opened on October 15, 1900. Henschel was prevailing by the German-conceived and – prepared conductors Wilhelm Gericke, Arthur Nikisch, Emil Paur, and Max Fiedler, coming full circle in the arrangement of the amazing Karl Muck, who served two residencies, 1906-08 and 1912-18. In 1915 the symphony made its first cross-country trip, playing thirteen shows at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, California. Henri Rabaud, connected with as conductor in 1918, was succeeded a year later by Pierre Monteux. These arrangements denoted the start of a French custom kept up, amid the Russian-conceived Serge Koussevitzky's residency (1924-49), with the work of numerous French-prepared artists. Today the Boston Symphony Orchestra keeps on satisfying and develop the vision of its organizer Henry Lee Higginson, not just through its show exhibitions, instructive contributions, and web nearness, yet additionally through its extending utilization of virtual and electronic media in a way mirroring the BSO's proceeding with consciousness of the present current, consistently evolving, 21st-century world.Carnegie HallCarnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States, located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street, two blocks south of Central Park. In the spring of 1887, on board a ship flying out from New York to London, love birds Andrew Carnegie (the rich industrialist) and Louise Whitfield (little girl of a well-to-do New York vendor) were headed to the prep's local Scotland for their special night. Likewise, on board was the 25-year-old Walter Damrosch, who had quite recently completed his second season as director and melodic chief of the Symphony Society of New York and the Oratorio Society of New York, and was making a trip to Europe for a late spring of concentrate with Hans von Bà ¼low. Through the span of the voyage, the couple built up a fellowship with Damrosch, welcoming him to visit them in Scotland. It was there, at a home called Kilgraston, that Damrosch examined his vision for another show lobby in New York City. Carnegie communicated enthusiasm for conferring a segment of his tremendous riches to the task, and the possibility of Carnegie Hall was conceived. Since it opened in 1891, Carnegie Hall has set the global standard for melodic brilliance as the optimistic goal for the world's finest craftsmen. From Tchaikovsky, Dvo?à ¡k, Mahler, and Bartà ³k to George Gershwin, Billie Holiday, Benny Goodman, Judy Garland, and The Beatles, a respect move of music-production specialists speaking to the finest of each sort has filled Carnegie Hall consistently. The account of Carnegie Hall starts amidst the Atlantic. From right off the bat in its history, Carnegie Hall has been a most loved scene for the world's finest conductors.Old ; New Metropolitan Opera House of New YorkThe primary Metropolitan Opera House opened on October 22, 1883, with an execution of Faust. It was situated at 1411 Broadway in the vicinity of 39th and 40th Streets and was outlined by J. Cleveland Cady. It was just with the advancement of Lincoln Center that the Met could manufacture itself another home. The Metropolitan Opera got its begin after a gathering of New York City moguls had a troublesome time attempting to secure box situate tickets at New York's Academy of Music. The moguls, needing great seats to the most recent theater and performing expressions, chose to begin their own musical drama house in New York City. Their goal was to improve a greater and performing expressions elective than what was at that point offered at the Academy of Music. Amid a period when America was developing and brimming with advancement, the gathering of mogul business people began what might wind up a standout amongst the most surely understood musical drama houses on the planet. The Metropolitan Opera was founded in 1883, with its first opera house built on Broadway and 39th Street by a group of wealthy businessmen who wanted their own theater. In the company's early years, the management changed course several times, first performing everything in Italian (even Carmen and Lohengrin), then everything in German (even Aida and Faust), before finally settling into a policy of performing most works in their original language, with some notable exceptions.Nearly from the earliest starting point, obviously the musical drama house on 39th Street did not have sufficient stage offices. In any case, it was not until the Met joined with other New York organizations in shaping Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts that another home ended up conceivable. The new Metropolitan Opera House, which opened at Lincoln Center in September of 1966, was outfitted with the finest specialized offices. Numerous awesome conductors have helped shape the Met, starting with Wagner's devotee Anton Seidl in the 1890s and Arturo Toscanini who made his introduction in 1908. There were two seasons with the two Toscanini and Gustav Mahler on the directing program. Afterward, Artur Bodanzky, Bruno Walter, George Szell, Fritz Reiner, and Dimitri Mitropoulos contributed capable melodic bearing.ConclusionMusic has been an amazing expression of the feelings of the one performing or can help others get through hard times with the musical mixture that creates a song. It's a true talent when beats become rhythmic patterns and a voice combined together makes things like Jennifer Hudson, she sings opera style music today. The definition of music is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. We have many different genres of music in the American history and they have been sung all over the fifty states. I am going to mention just a few of them and discuss the history, origin, and make up of a few concert halls and opera houses. ReferencesByrnes, M., ; CityLab. (2014, October 22). The ‘Old Met' In Its Final Days. Retrieved from https://www.citylab.com/design/2014/10/the-old-met-in-its-final-days/381774/Music. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/musicHome | Boston Symphony Orchestra. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.bso.org/About. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.carnegiehall.org Music One way Is that the viceroy for the sass movie was prominent, giving a synopsis of the movie. The 1 sass trailers gave more of an In depth view of a few scenes of the movie, Instead of now where little snippets of a variety of scenes are shown. In the sass they were used as an Informant to show the audience what the movie will be like, however now they can be used as an artistic thing to gain publicity for the movie without even knowing what it is about.Audrey Hepburn and Marilyn Monroe Their acting styles differed. Audrey Hepburn acted in mainly romantic drama movies, when Marilyn Monroe acted in comedic musical movies. Their acting styles differed because they had different personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a confident person with the ability to sing and act at the same time. Audrey was a great actress, perfect for romantic roles. James Dean and Maroon Brandon Actors Like James Dean and Maroon Brand's appearance of rebellion came from the way they dressed, as well as the characters that they played in movies. In JamesDean's movie, he is a rebellious teenager who does not obey his parents, instead doing what he wants. This suggested that teenagers everywhere could stand up against their parents. They also dressed with a leather jacket and seen with a cigarette, looking very rebellious. Shown. In the sass they were used as an informant to show the audience what the because they had deferent personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a Actors like James Dean and Maroon Brand's appearance of rebellion came from the against their parents. They also dressed with a leather Jacket and seen with a Music Do you have a favorite song? Do you remember what you were doing when you last listened to the song? The common known function of music is that it can change people's mood, an upbeat song gets people going, a sad song makes people cry , however music can do a lot more than that to our brains and bodies. Actually, listening to music can stimulate your brain, which make people recall memories from long time ago and even change people's body temperature. Also, music can enhance people's athletic performance. Brain- MemoryMost often, when people listen to songs he/she is familiar with, it stimulates the hippocampus, the brain part that stores the long-term memory. This can easily explain why people can remember what they are doing when listening to his/her favorite music. For example, my brother always forgets to bring his goggles to his swimming practice. The next time before he goes for practice, he can play the same music he was listening to when he was packing. Some emotions and feel ings are deeply embedded in people's memory when they are listening to a particular song.Musical training has even better effect than Just listening to music. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training at all. Physically – Body temperature Listening to music can also affects one's body temperature. Simply imagine a creaking screen door, or fingernails scratching on a chalkboard, and how those noises give you Goosebumps or makes you shiver. All kinds of sounds and music can influence our body temperature by affecting blood circulation, pulse rate, breaths, nd even sweating.When I was small, I used to listen to lullaby, they help me to fall asleep. In order to fall asleep, the body must lowers its temperature, so slow and soft music can lowers the body temperature while Loud music like rock and roll, with strong beats and rhythm can make our body temperature rise a few degrees Physical ly- Enhance athletic performance A lot of people wonder why athletes always wear their ‘pods and headphones before their games start. Many studies from showed that music have a simulative effect on the brain and body of athletes.This can easily explain why music doesn't only make working out more pleasant, it also enhances our athletic performance. When listening to music, people are able to hold heavy weights for longer than when they're standing in silence. They can also complete sprints in shorter time and are even able to reduce their oxygen uptake. So how can this be happening? It is all about distraction, when listening to music, people are more likely to torget now much your legs hurt or how much longer you've got to run before you cross the finish line.Also, the synchronicity involved is very important. When your movement is matched with the steady musical pulse, you spend less time and effort on the inefficient slowing down and speeding up that happens when you're go ing by your own rhythm. For others, the role of music is to block out any negative thoughts so that athletes can focus only on the race or match. Why are you interested in the topic? What's your favorite music? What kind of music do you usually listen to? When you want to feel calm? Always have a story Makes me focus more when studying and motivated to do things Music List the three different types of families that are emerging in the new millennium. Answer: The types of families emerging in the new millennium consist of law marriages, single mothers and fathers, blended families, same-sex parents, and grandparents fulfilling the role of parents to their grandchildren. 2. What are the four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event on partner dies? Answer: The four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event one partner dies are to prepare a will, own property Jointly, create a power of attorney, and prepare a deiced living will. . What are two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate? Answer: Two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate are that some are Just dissatisfied with the marriage, or spousal abuse. 4. What are some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couples don't? Answer: Some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couple s don't are that they are legally recognized being married by the government. 5. How many states allow same sex marriages? Answer: As of 2014, there are 17 tastes with legal same-sex marriage.Critical Thinking Questions 1. A big debate is raging in both the religious and political arenas regarding same sex marriages. Do you think that If people choose to be committed together, they are entitled to be recognized as a married couple? Why or why not? Answer: Yes. If people choose to be committed together, they should be entitled to be recognized as a married couple regardless If It's a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Homosexual couples are no different than heterosexual couples and, therefore, would have the right to marry and be legally considered a married couple. . Why do you think preventing spousal abuse and domestic abuse should be a concern of the government? Do you think It should? Answer: Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because It I s their responsibility to provide protection from such things. 3. Do you think cohabitation couples should be entitled to the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license? Answer: Yes, cohabitation couples should be entitled the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license. . Leona Helmsmen left her millions to her 9 year old dog.She was legally sane at the time-and ran her businesses and corporations until the day she died. Do you think she had the legal right to do what she wanted with her money, or was the Judge In the case within his rights to change Loan's will? Answer: No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all her money to her dog. The Judge was wealth his rights to change Loan's will. 5. Explain the Importance of a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement In the case of a cohabitation couple who re killed In an auto accident.Answer: It Is Important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship ag reement In the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed In an auto accident In order to keep the state from stepping In. Music By denationalizations marriages. Do you think that if people choose to be committed together, they are a married couple regardless if it's a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Government? Do you think it should? Answer: Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because it is their responsibility to provide protection n the case within his rights to change Loan's will?Answer: No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all her money to her dog. The Judge was within his rights to change Loan's will. 5. Explain the importance off will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in an auto accident. Answer: It is important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in a n auto accident in order to keep the state from stepping in. Music One way Is that the viceroy for the sass movie was prominent, giving a synopsis of the movie. The 1 sass trailers gave more of an In depth view of a few scenes of the movie, Instead of now where little snippets of a variety of scenes are shown. In the sass they were used as an Informant to show the audience what the movie will be like, however now they can be used as an artistic thing to gain publicity for the movie without even knowing what it is about.Audrey Hepburn and Marilyn Monroe Their acting styles differed. Audrey Hepburn acted in mainly romantic drama movies, when Marilyn Monroe acted in comedic musical movies. Their acting styles differed because they had different personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a confident person with the ability to sing and act at the same time. Audrey was a great actress, perfect for romantic roles. James Dean and Maroon Brandon Actors Like James Dean and Maroon Brand's appearance of rebellion came from the way they dressed, as well as the characters that they played in movies. In JamesDean's movie, he is a rebellious teenager who does not obey his parents, instead doing what he wants. This suggested that teenagers everywhere could stand up against their parents. They also dressed with a leather jacket and seen with a cigarette, looking very rebellious. Shown. In the sass they were used as an informant to show the audience what the because they had deferent personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a Actors like James Dean and Maroon Brand's appearance of rebellion came from the against their parents. They also dressed with a leather Jacket and seen with a

Lost in the Bush Essay Example

Lost in the Bush Essay Example Lost in the Bush Essay Lost in the Bush Essay I wandered aimlessley through the bush, my vision blurry and my legs stinging and covered in cuts and scratches. I suddenly collapse onto my knees, and close my eyes. I am so out of breath, ive been walking all day. I look around, and spot a ralativley big nearby tree. I crawl on my hands and knees towards it, then slump underneath it, resting against the rough trunk. My knees are bleeding after crawling accross a few rocks, but i cant feel the pain, i am too tired. I close my eyes, and memories from the last week flash through my head.I remeberd pulling p in the car park, and hopping out with all my walking gear on; my hiking boots, cargo shorts and t-shirt. I had my backpack filled with a water bottle, my phone and some gummy snakes. I walked to the entrance of the bushwalk, and stopped at the sign. It was a ten kilomeetre loop. I had done a few walks so far, and i was getting really into it. I was starting to really enjoy bushwalking, and it was easier than i thought to navigate. On my previous walks, all i had to do was follow plug in my earphones, and follow the trail for a nice relaxing, beautiful walk.But this walk was differnt. i was not experienced, and was not prepared for what was ahead. I wished i had brought a map. i wish i had chosen another walk. i wish i hadnt gotten into bushwalking. I opened my eyes again, and saw all i saw was pitch black. I heard the sounds of the bush around me, rustles in the bush, the chirping cicadas, the light sprnkling of rain. On my first night, i had been terrified, an hadnt gotten a minute of sleep. But now i was used to it, it didnt bother me. I was tired, hungry, cold and sore and all i wanted to do was go home.Tears filled my eyes as questions filled my head. Would i ever see home again? would i ever see my families faces again? I closed my eyes once more and remeber how i had gotten into this mess. I remebered walking for ahout an hour, before coming to a fork in the path. There was a small signpost with a faint arrow on it, so i followed it. Thinking nothing of it i continued, until i came to another fork in the road, and continued to follow the faint arrows, until after a few, i came to a dead end. I was a bit puzzled, but tried to trace my steps back the way i came.After about an hour or so i bean to panic. i still hadnt found the main trail, and the sun was begining its descent. I decided i would walk through the bush until i found another path, hopefully the main trail. I reached a trail after plowing throught the bush, but it was not familiar, it was a narrower trail than the others. I followed it for a while, until that to came to a dead end. This was when i really started panicking, and i began to break into a run through the bush, desperatley trying to find a trail before the it turned dark.I was soaking wet now, but i had stopped weeping, if i was going to get out of this forest alive i would have to be strong. The last few days had been a blur, spending my whole days trying to f ind my way out, trying to find possible things to eat other than my remaining gummy snakes. My phone was useless after the first day, i had no reception, and it had run out of battery thanks to my time spent listening to music. I decided i would need a good nights rest, i would need a plan to get out of here.I woke up in the morning, and my vision had cleared. My guess was that it was because of lack of sleep that i couldnt see straight the night before, but i wasnt sure. As i looked around, i examined my surroundins. My eyes widened and i froze. I recognized this part of the forest, i was sure of it. I was suddenly filled with excitment, as i paced around the area looking for signs or pathways. Then i saw it poking out from under some leaves. A wooden post sticking out from the floor, definitley man-made.I started laughing, and jumping up and down. I was so excited, it could mean i was closer to a path, closer to getting out. I shouldnt have gotten so excited over something so smal l, but it was the first sign of humans since i got lost. I searched for another twenty minutes and eventually found another small post about one hundred meters away fom the ther, this one protuding out further form the ground. I followed this line of posts until i had found about nine posts. That when i saw it.The bush began to thin out, and in the distance i could see a path. I ran as fast as i could until i got to the path, and recognized it instantly. I was crying at this point i was so happy. I ran for a good ten minutes, not dropping speed for a second. Then i saw it, i could see the sign. I started wailing as i turned the corner and saw the police cars surrounding the entrance. I collapsed onto the floor infront of one police car, my clothes torn, my breathing heavy and my skin cut everywhere, but i had made it.

Life-Changing Things to Do in Puerto Rico Top 10 List

Life-Changing Things to Do in Puerto Rico Top 10 List SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Puerto Rico tops my list of favorite Caribbean destinations. Not only does it have beautiful beaches and sunshine, but it’s also full of fascinating history, art, and architecture. Combine all this with great food and the chance to practice Spanish, and you’ve got a place that appeals to any traveler. Did I mention that U.S. travelers don’t need to bring a passport or exchange money? You can forego the usual hassles of leaving the mainland while still getting an incredible international experience. If you’re planning your trip or just curious about the â€Å"Island of Enchantment,† read on for 10 unforgettable things to do in Puerto Rico! #1: Admire the Architecture in Old San Juan The blue, cobblestoned streets of old San Juan, Puerto Rico wind through pastel buildings from the 16th and 17th century. As you stroll past cafes, shops, and historic plazas, you’ll find a mix of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture with a distinctly Spanish feel. As a National Historic Landmark, the area looks much the same as it did 400 years ago. Where to Go: Meander through the streets of old San Juan and soak up history, culture, and color. The entire historic area will have you taking photographs left and right, but there are a few stops you shouldn’t miss: Calle del Cristo (Cristo Street): Cristo Street is one of the oldest and best preserved streets in old San Juan. You’ll find a mix of old churches, tree-shaded parks, and lively shops and restaurants. San Juan Cathedral: San Juan Cathedral, built in 1540, sits at one end of Calle del Cristo. Once inside, you’ll find the tomb of Ponce de Leon, the mummy of St. Pio, and rich stained glass windows. San Jose Church: This church, first built in 1532, is the oldest in San Juan, as well as one of the oldest examples of Spanish Gothic architecture in the Western Hemisphere. La Fortaleza: This residence of the governor of Puerto Rico has been in continuous use since the mid-1500s. It remains the official residence of the governor of Puerto Rico, and it’s a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Old San Juan is a small, walkable area of criss-crossing streets. How to Get There: Old San Juan is an island linked to the mainland by three bridges. You might take a taxi, bus, or rent a car and drive. Taxis from San Luis Munoz Airport should have a set fare around $20, with an additional dollar or two for luggage. Buses are typically less than $1.00, but they don’t go direct; you’ll have to change lines to make it into old San Juan. If you opt to rent a car and drive, you may look for parking lots off Recinto Sur and Norzagaray Street, as well as La Puntilla lot. Parking rates are reasonable at less than $5 for five hours and 50 cents for each additional hour. If the lots are full, though, then you may have a hard time finding parking on the narrow streets. What to Know: Old San Juan is just an eight to ten block area, but you can easily spend at least a day exploring its nooks and crannies on your own or with a guided walking tour. Surrounded by stone walls, the historic district is known as The Walled City, or La Ciudad Amurallada. The area is very walkable, but it’s also hilly and hot. Wear light clothing, comfortable shoes, and sunscreen. If you get tired, you can hop on the free trolley service that drives throughout the city! #2: Time Travel in 17th Century Forts Old San Juan is surrounded by fortifications and old stone walls that protected the city from invasions between the 16th and 19th centuries. These massive structures encircle the historic city and offer gorgeous views over the blue waters of the Atlantic. As UNESCO World Heritage Sites, they’re well preserved today. Where to Go: Castillo de San Felipe del Morro: This 16th century citadel sits grandly on the northwest coast of old San Juan. Once you get in, you can explore the cliff-side barracks, turrets, and dungeons with a tour group or on your own. Castillo de San Cristobal: This fortification is located on the northeast side of old San Juan, a 17-minute walk or 9-minute drive from San Felipe del Morro. It’s larger, slightly less crowded, and offers panoramic views across the coastline of Puerto Rico. Fortà ­n San Juan de la Cruz (El Caà ±uelo): This fort, also known as El Caà ±uelo, is a stout, square fortification that sits at the entrance of San Juan Harbor on Isla de Cabras (Goat Island). Unlike the other forts, it’s a half hour drive from old San Juan. How to Get There: If you’re in old San Juan, Puerto Rico, you can easily walk to both Castillo de San Felipe del Morro and Castillo de San Cristobal. The free trolley also stops at both forts, or you can take a taxi. To get to El Caà ±uelo, you’d need to drive 20 to 30 minutes from old San Juan along Route 22. A lot of travelers leave this small fort off their itinerary, but it could be worth a stop if you’re visiting the nearby Bacardi Factory in the same day. What to Know: The fortifications that surround old San Juan are impressive examples of 16th century Spanish military architecture. Over the years, the fortifications helped ward off attacks from the British, the Dutch, and the U.S. You can buy a pass to explore all of these National Historic Sites for just $5. Kids under the age of 15 are free. The forts are open everyday from 9 AM to 6 PM. #3: Relax on World-Renowned Beaches If Puerto Rico’s gorgeous white sand beaches are your top priority, you won’t be disappointed. Several of its more than 300 beaches have been named Blue Flag Beaches, which are the best beaches in the world. I’ve picked out the top three, but there are so many more. Where to Go: Flamenco Beach, Culebra: My personal favorite, Flamenco Beach, is your quintessential, perfect Caribbean Beach. With its white sand and turquoise waters, you can easily spend the day switching between sunbathing and swimming. One weird/cool feature: there are washed up U.S. tanks from WWII on one end of the beach (now decorated with colorful graffiti). Luquillo Beach: Like Flamenco Beach, Luquillo is classified as a Blue Flag Beach. On Puerto Rico’s east coast, Luquillo has a long shoreline, calm waters, lots of water activities, and an abundance of food kiosks for mid-day seafood or ice cream. El Escambrà ³n, San Juan: If you’re staying around San Juan, then you should head to El Escambrà ³n for your beach day. You can rest in the shade of palm trees, float in the calm waters, and hang out with locals. Finding your perfect beach could take you all over the island of Puerto Rico and beyond. How to Get There: The easiest way to access Puerto Rico’s beautiful beaches is by car. You can rent a car for about $40 a day, and the roads are easy to navigate. To get to Culebra (with Flamenco Beach) or other islands, you’ll need to hop on a ferry. Small buses will be waiting when you land to take you to the beach. Ferries are $4.50 round trip; the shuttle is $2. Just make sure you arrive well ahead of time so you don’t get stuck! What to Know: With over 300 beaches, you can find whatever you’re looking for- long shorelines, secret swimming spots, family friendly destinations, or posh areas surrounded by resorts. The northern beaches touch the Atlantic, while southern beaches border the Caribbean Sea. Depending on where you’re traveling in Puerto Rico, some other top beaches are La Playuela (especially good for hiking), Blue Beach, La Posita, and Sandy Beach. If you’re looking to surf, head to the northwest coast; Rincon is the place for big waves. #4: Kayak in a Bioluminescent Bay David Resz/Flickr If it’s not already, kayaking in a bioluminescent bay should definitely go on your bucket list. Drifting along a lake at night while sparkly phytoplankton trails from your fingers is a surreal experience. Puerto Rico’s bays have some of the most striking bioluminescence on earth. Where to Go: Mosquito Bay in Vieques: Mosquito Bay is on the south shore of the island of Vieques. Don’t be scared off by the name, but do remember to wear bug spray. Many consider Mosquito Bay to be Puerto Rico’s best and brightest bio bay. Laguna Grande in Fajardo: I chose to kayak in Laguna Grande, as it’s easily accessible by car from San Juan with a drive of a little over an hour. The bio bay was other-worldly. I went on a cloudy night, so it looked like the stars had disappeared overhead and gotten captured in the sparkling water below my kayak. La Parguera: This bay is on the southern shore of Puerto Rico. You’ll find several tours, but La Parguera hasn’t been as well preserved as the other two. It’s a good option if you’re in the area, but if you’re not limited by location, then I’d suggest Mosquito Bay or Laguna Grande. How to Get There: To get to Vieques, you can fly or take a ferry. The ferry takes off from Fajardo, which is about an hour’s drive south of San Juan. The ferry typically departs around three or four times a day and costs only $2.00 each way. You can also book a bio bay tour that includes ferry, bus, and a meal. Driving is the best way to get to Fajardo and La Parguera. Starting from San Juan, it’s about an hour and 15 minutes to Fajardo and two hours and 15 minutes to La Parguera. What to Know: Bioluminescence is the light emitted by microorganisms when they move. You can’t swim in the bays, as the ecosystems are protected. All three of the bio bays are popular and offer eco-friendly night kayak tours for around $45 to $70 per person. Some of the best tour groups are Island Adventures and Abe’s Biobay Tours in Mosquito Bay; Kayaking Puerto Rico and Yokahu Kayaks in Laguna Grande; and Aleli Tours and Rincon Vacations in La Parguera. You’ll likely go in double kayaks and paddle through narrow channels lined by mangroves to get to the open bay. The darker it is, the better you can see the bioluminescence, so the best time to go is during the new moon. #5: Enjoy the Local Cuisine As someone who travels on her stomach, I almost considered putting Puerto Rican cuisine at the top of this list! You’ll find a great diversity of delicious food with Caribbean, Spanish, African, U.S., and indigenous Taà ­no influences. Your trip may take you all over the island, but since most people spend some time in San Juan, I’ve narrowed my top picks to the capital city. Where to Go: El Jibarito: Located in the heart of old San Juan, El Jibarito has a large menu with Puerto Rican mainstays, like mofongo (mashed plantains with meat, shrimp, or vegetables), alcapurrà ­as (meat or yucca-stuffed fritters), seafood, and local cervezas at reasonable prices. Marmalade: For those looking for a fancy night out, Marmalade is considered one of San Juan’s best restaurants. The frequently changing menu plays with new fusions and traditional Puerto Rican flavors. Entrees range between $20 and $35, and it’s definitely advisable to make a reservation. Cafe Manolà ­n: This cafe’s a great stop in old San Juan if you’re looking for a quick lunch or breakfast. It has yummy omelettes, fresh fruit juices, and an array of traditional Puerto Rican dishes, like mofongo, shrimp in garlic, and fried plantains, all at reasonable prices. Farmer's Market at Park La Ventana al Mar: If you’re willing to travel to the neighborhood of Condado, just over the bridge from old San Juan, then you’ll find an awesome outdoor market full of artisanal food and products. Beyond the fresh, locally produced coffee, honey, fruits, vegetables, and sangria, you’ll see food carts with delicious snacks and meals. The market’s open from 9 to 5 on the first Sunday of every month. How to Get There: There’s no shortage of great Puerto Rican restaurants in old San Juan; El Jibarito, Marmalade, and Cafe Manolin are just three of many. Since the historic center is only an eight block area, all of the restaurants can be reached by walking. You could also take advantage of the free trolley service that goes around the city. To get to the farmer’s market at Condado, you could drive, take a taxi for $10 to $15, or take a bus from old San Juan for less than a dollar. What to Know: Seafood, pork, rice, garlic, and plantains are all key ingredients in Puerto Rican cuisine. You should definitely try mofongo, mashed plantains that are typically combined with chicharron, or pork cracklings, and covered in broth. You might also enjoy plenty of spicy rice and beans with a side of pasteles, meat wrapped in vegetable dough and boiled in banana leaves. Many restaurants will make their own hot sauce, or pique, for you to add to dishes. This vinegar and red pepper sauce can range from mildly spicy to life-threatening, so proceed with caution (and no, that wasn’t meant to be a challenge!). #6: Drink Rum and Coffee + Get Behind the Scenes Whether you want to wake up with caffeine or relax with a pià ±a colada, Puerto Rico’s got you covered. Beyond the old-timey bars and cafes, you can get behind the scenes to see how some of the best rum and coffee in the world is made. If you’d rather skip the tour and go straight to the bar or cafe, I’ve got a couple suggestions for those stops, too. Where to Go For Rum: Casa Bacardà ­: If you’re a fan of rum, then you should definitely set aside an afternoon to spend at the Bacardi Factory. You can learn about the history of the company, tour the distillery, take a mixology class, and sample different rums. After the tour, relax on the open-air pavilion with a cocktail or two and enjoy a panoramic view of old San Juan. Cost of tours: $15 for historical tour; $45 for rum tasting and mixology tours. Barrachina: There are plenty of bustling spots for nightlife in San Juan, but Barrachina has one particular claim to fame: it claims to have served the first ever pià ±a colada in 1963. Stop here at the beginning of your night so you can forever say that you’ve tasted the first rum, coconut, and pineapple cocktail. Caribe Hilton: While Barrachina invented the pià ±a colada in 1963, Caribe Hilton invented it in 1954. Wait, what? As it turns out, both bars claim credit for the invention of this tropical cocktail. You may not find the true origin story, but you can sample both while in Puerto Rico and see which you like better! Where to Go for Coffee: Hacienda Pomarrosa: At the top of curvy mountain roads stands Hacienda Pomarrosa, known for its gourmet coffee and conservation work. Make a reservation to take a tour and learn how coffee is grown and roasted. You can also stay overnight in the cottages and enjoy great local food and sweeping views over the Puerto Rican countryside. Hacienda Buena Vista: This fully functioning, 19th century coffee plantation was restored by the Conservation Trust of Puerto Rico. You’ll learn about the history of the 87-acre farm, its conservation efforts, and the hydro-power that runs all the machinery on tours available in both Spanish and English. Caficultura: This artsy cafe in old San Juan serves excellent coffee in all different varieties. You can also enjoy local foods, fresh fruit juices, and homemade crepes as you sip your cafe con leche outdoors or inside under the glass chandelier. Cafà © Don Ruiz Coffee Shop: Don Ruiz cafe, tucked in a plaza across from Castillo del Morro in old San Juan, serves rich and flavorful coffee grown on the owners’ farm. It also has a collection of photos and antiques to teach you about coffee production and the history of the Don Ruiz plantation. How to Get There: As with most destinations outside of San Juan, the easiest way to arrive at Casa Bacardà ­ or the coffee plantations is by car. You can follow the route on Google Maps, plus check the websites for detailed directions. Casa Bacardi is less than half an hour from San Juan, while the coffee plantations are an hour and a half to two hours southwest of the capital city. Some of the roads are windy with steep drop-offs, which can be a little nerve-wracking, but they do offer gorgeous views of the jungle scenery. What to Know: Puerto Rico is famous for its locally-produced rum and coffee, both of which are some of the best in the world. Enjoy pià ±a coladas and cappuccinos at the artisan cafes in San Juan, or go straight to the source for a tour of Casa Bacardi or a coffee plantation in the mountains. The drinking age in Puerto Rico, by the way, is 18. #7: Hike the Trails of El Yunque In the northeast corner of Puerto Rico sprawls the tropical rainforest, El Yunque. The only tropical rainforest in the U.S. National Forest System, El Yunque has miles of hiking trails. It’s the perfect day trip to get outdoors while taking a break from the sun under the cool, dense canopy. Where to Go: Hiking trails: There are several hiking trails in El Yunque, ranging from easy to difficult. A few short hikes are Angelito Trail, Caimitillo Trail, and El Portal Trail. The hikes to the waterfalls are a little longer and can get crowded. More challenging hikes take you up the mountains: Mt. Britton, La Roca, Los Picachos, and El Yunque Peak, which is the tallest at 3,496 feet. Visitor Center: Stop at the Visitor Center for a map and information on El Yunque’s flora and fauna. I was glad to learn there were no bears or poisonous snakes, just lots of frogs and birds. La Coca and La Mina Waterfalls: Do go chasing waterfalls! Hike 0.7 km to get to La Mina Falls or 1.8 miles to get to the less popular La Coca Falls. Once there, you can swim beneath the falls, but a word of caution- the water can be crazy cold. Yokahu Observation Tower: This tower, built in 1936, is easy to access, as it’s just about 30 feet from a parking lot. After climbing a little over 90 stairs, you can enjoy 360 views over the lush green forest and mountains. How to Get There: El Yunque is about a one-hour drive from San Juan along highway 26. You can drive right into the park; entrance and parking are both free. What to Know: The park is open from 7:30 AM to 6:00 PM everyday. It's home to over 50 species of birds, 11 species of bats, and 13 species of coquà ­, or tree frogs. You’ll hear the coquà ­s â€Å"singing† in the morning and evening. There aren’t any accommodations in El Yunque, but you can get a permit to camp in the forest if you want to rough it. The trails can be challenging and muddy, so make sure to bring good sneakers, as well as a towel and change of clothes if you want to swim. #8: Adventure in the Great Outdoors Are you looking for outdoor adventure? With its diverse ecosystems, from beach to jungle to misty mountain- Puerto Rico has a huge outdoor adventure industry. In addition to all the hiking you can do in El Yunque, you can also find climbing, ziplining, rapelling, caving, snorkeling, hang gliding, and kite boarding. Where to Go: Acampa Nature Adventure Tours: Acampa’s tours will have you ziplining over the jungle, rappelling into caves, and climbing up waterfalls. Along with the adrenaline rush, you’ll get a side of historical and environmental education. Rocaliza Adventure Tours: Rocaliza is a great tour for climbers, as they take you to the best spots for top roping, lead climbing, and bouldering. You’ll climb up-river, rappel down a waterfall and into a canyon, and go zip lining over the jungle. Rincon Surf School: The oldest surfing school in the area, Rincon Surf School offers solo and group lessons, along with guided adventures. It caters to beginners and advanced surfers. 15 Knots: Kite-boarding, or kite-surfing, has you riding the waves with the help of a kite catching the wind. 15 Knots teaches people of all levels how to catch the wind and learn this unique water sport. There’s no shortage of outdoor adventure companies in Puerto Rico. Some other highly rated groups are Aventuras Tierra Adentro, Toro Verde, Campo Rico Ziplining Adventure, Ecoquest Adventures Tours, and Batey Zipline Adventures. How to Get There: There are adventure tours all over the island; some of the most popular ones take you to El Yunque, the Camuy Caves, Rincon, Culebra, or Vieques. Most of the adventure tours will pick you up bright and early from your hotel if you’re staying in or around San Juan. What to Know: All of these tours are open to complete beginners, so you don’t have to be an experienced climber or outdoor enthusiast to sign up. Most outdoor adventure tours pack a full itinerary of hiking, climbing, rappelling, swimming, and climbing into a day tour, plus they include transportation and lunch. Make sure to make reservations in advance, wear good sneakers, and pack a change of clothes, bug spray, and sunscreen. #9: Spend the Day Shopping for Caribbean Clothes and Crafts The Puerto Rico shopping scene includes everything from traditional handicrafts to high-end luxury brands. You can find authentic souvenirs in the shops and markets of old San Juan or head to familiar stores at the Caribbean’s largest shopping mall. Plus, you can easily find some of the world’s best rum, coffee beans, and hand-rolled cigars. Where to Go: Puerto Rican Arts and Crafts: This large shop is full of handmade jewelry, traditional carvings, native foods, ceramics, sculptures, paintings, and silkscreens. Located in the heart of San Juan, Puerto Rican Arts and Crafts rests in a restored Spanish colonial building. Address: 204 Calle de la Fortaleza, Old San Juan. Ole Curiosidades: If you’re looking for a hat to shade your face from the sun, then you should head to Ole Curiosidades. It’s known for its Panama hats and attentive merchants who will help you find the perfect fit. The shop also has Puerto Rican and Latin American art and antiques. Address: 105 Calle de la Fortaleza, Old San Juan. Caribbean Trading Company: This multi-room store is packed full with local souvenirs, including clothing, jewelry, arts and crafts, hot sauces, and rum cake. It lands firmly on the touristy side of things, but it has good prices and is a nice stop if you’re going to or leaving the rainforest, El Yunque. Address: 4 Calle Principal, Rio Grande. The Poet’s Passage: This artsy spot in old San Juan is a shop, gallery, and cafe all in one that hosts frequent poetry readings. You can enjoy the coffee, browse paintings by local artists, and order personalized crafts, like a colorful â€Å"Door of San Juan.† Address: 203 Calle de la Cruz, Old San Juan. Plaza Las Americas: If you’re looking for some serious shopping, then you should head to Plaza las Americas, the largest shopping mall in the Caribbean. It has over 300 stores, (the usuals, like Macy’s, Ann Taylor, Zara, etc.), plus a big local artisan section on the third floor. It’s also packed full of restaurants and a movie theater, Caribbean Cinemas. Address: 525 Roosevelt Avenue, Hato Rey, San Juan. How to Get There: Puerto Rican Arts and Crafts, Ole Curiosidades, and The Poet’s Passage are all located in old San Juan. As you now know, walking or hopping on the free trolley is the best way to get around the historic district. Caribbean Trading Company is just a few minutes from El Yunque, so it’s a great stop on your way to the jungle or after your hiking trip. Finally, Plaza de las Americas is about a 15-minute drive from San Juan at the intersection of Routes 18 and 22. What to Know: Since Puerto Rico is a transportation hub and popular stop for cruise ships, it has a big shopping scene. You can find lots of authentic handicrafts and artisanal products, as well as big brand department stores, like Macy’s, or luxury stores, like Louis Vuitton. Two traditional handicrafts that you’ll find are caretas, masks for Carnival, and santos, carvings of patron saints in wood, stone, or gold. Puerto Rico is also known for its handmade lace, or mundillo. On my trip, I got a wood carving of a coquà ­ (tree frog) that now hangs on my wall at home. #10: Road Trip on the Panoramic Route Winding 167 miles across the island, Puerto Rico’s Panoramic Route leads you into rural Puerto Rico. This one of a kind road trip will take you past roadside barbecues, sprawling coffee plantations, and cascading waterfalls. If you’re looking to get off the beaten track and find some spectacular views, then you’ll enjoy this scenic route from east to west and back again. Where to Go: Carite Forest Reserve: Carite is the first of four forest reserves along the Panoramic Route, and it’s a beautiful stop to stretch your legs under the palm trees. Just five minutes along the main trail is Charco Azul, a natural, bright blue creek pool that’s great for swimming. Aibonito: The highest village in Puerto Rico at 2,500 feet, Aibonito is known for its flowers. In fact, it’s nicknamed the City of Flowers and has a flower festival every June. From here, you can also explore the cliffs and waterfalls of San Cristobal Canyon. Maricao: The mountain town of Maricao will be your last stop on the Panoramic Route. Surrounded by huge coffee plantations, Maricao is known as La Ciudad del Cafà ©, or the City of Coffee. After you’ve reenergized with caffeine, you can go hiking in the nearby Monte del Estado Forest, Puerto Rico’s largest state forest. How to Get There: The Panoramic Route slices east to west across Puerto Rico, starting in Mayaguez and ending in Maunabo. It’s made up of Routes 105, 143, and 182 and takes you over mountains and through valleys. You can start in San Juan and move west, perhaps staying overnight in the mountain town of Jayuya. Since there’s a tangle of numbered roads along the way, it’s often better to follow the sign for a town than for the route itself. More importantly, bring a map and pre-loaded GPS or Google Maps directions. If you’re driving the Panoramic Route, GPS will be your friend. What to Know: The Panoramic Route takes you into the heart of rural Puerto Rico. Some of the roads are narrow and winding, so take it slow and honk when turning blind corners. Because of the twisting, hilly roads, this trip might not be a favorite for those prone to motion sickness. For anyone who wants to go deeply into the Puerto Rican countryside, this road trip will dazzle you with misty mountains, dense rainforest, and patchworks of coffee farms. Since you’ll be venturing off the beaten path, you may benefit from brushing up on a few Spanish phrases! So there you have it- the top 10 unforgettable things to do in Puerto Rico and the 41 best places to do them! As you can see, there’s a huge number of places to see and experiences to have in Puerto Rico. To help you put it all together, consider this brief itinerary for a week on the Island of Enchantment. 1 Week in Puerto Rico: Your Itinerary Now that you have a sense of the top things to do in Puerto Rico, how can you make a plan that includes all your favorites? That all depends on how much time you have, but here’s one suggested itinerary for travelers who are in Puerto Rico for about a week. Day 1: Fly into San Luis Muà ±oz Marà ­n International Airport. Pick up your rental car, and drive into old San Juan. Spend the afternoon strolling around the historic district, eating Puerto Rican food, and shaking off any jet lag or traveling fatigue. Day 2: Explore old San Juan. Admire the colorful buildings, go shopping, and take a tour of Castillo de San Felipe del Morro and Castillo de Cristobal. Punctuate your day with good coffee, food, and the world’s best pià ±a coladas. Day 3: Beach day! Head to a beach in San Juan, like El Escambrà ³n, or road trip down to Fajardo and take a ferry to Culebra. Swim, snorkel, sunbathe, repeat. If you stick close to San Juan, then head to Casa Bacardi and sample rum in the afternoon. Day 4: Go hiking. Drive to El Yunque in the morning and spend the day hiking the trails and swimming under waterfalls. You might stop at the Caribbean Trading Company to buy souvenirs for yourself, friends, and family. If you want more of an outdoor adventure experience, go on a ziplining and caving tour. Day 3 or 4 are also good times to go kayaking in a bioluminescent bay. Tours usually depart at 6 or 8 PM. Day 5: Road trip. Set out bright and early on the Panoramic Route. Go hiking in a national forest, walk around the City of Flowers, and explore the San Cristobal Canyon. Alternate plans: go on an outdoor adventure tour, visit a new beach or coffee plantation, or spend the day shopping. Day 6: Road trip, part 2. Continue west to explore the rural Puerto Rican countryside and coffee plantations along the Ruta Panoramica. If the Panoramic Route isn’t your thing, you could also spend the day hiking, snorkeling, and swimming at a beach or visiting art museums. Day 7: Take any last-minute photos of the Spanish colonial architecture or massive stone forts. Enjoy your last delicious cup of coffee in an outdoor plaza while watching the passersby. Finally, figure out when you can get yourself back to Puerto Rico. Of course, you could also throw the itinerary out the window and spent your days relaxing on the beach with a bottomless pià ±a colada in hand. Or you might eschew schedules altogether and just see where your adventure takes you! Planning Your Puerto Rico Vacation Whether you want to adventure in the great outdoors, spend your days at the beach, or admire art and architecture, Puerto Rico has got you covered. Its beaches are world-renowned, and its centuries-old plazas and fortresses transport you to a Spanish colonial past. While Puerto Rico’s now a commonwealth of the U.S., it has its own cultural identity shaped by Spanish, African, Caribbean, and Taà ­no influences. The streets of old San Juan feel Caribbean and European at once, and you don’t even have to bring a passport or exchange money. Learning a few Spanish phrases, if you don’t know them already, could be helpful, although you’ll find that lots of people speak excellent English. Depending on what you’re looking for, your trip can feel as familiar or as exotic as you want it to. Puerto Rico allows travelers to find their perfect balance of beach holiday, cultural excursion, and outdoor adventure. Its versatility, combined with delicious food and sunshine, makes Puerto Rico a destination that you’ll never forget.